Watch the biofilm grow from 10 cells per species at time zero to 30,000 min (3 weeks), with one frame per 1,000 min. All frames were rendered with POV-Ray. Each cell is shown as a sphere. The ammonia oxidisers ("Nitroso") are blue; the nitrite oxidisers ("Nitro") are red. See the reaction scheme below. The grey box at the bottom is the inert substratum. Note the wrapped around boundaries in the horizontal direction. Scale: total width of the system = 200 µm.
Without EPS production, the biofilm is dense throughout and oxygen penetration is very limited.